KUDAT: Cabaran terbesar dalam mengekalkan seni warisan kraf tangan tradisional daripada pupus ialah dengan memastikan wujudnya pelapis terutama generasi muda untuk mewarisi kemahiran pembuatannya.
Usaha itu dilakukan penduduk Kampung Sumangkap, Matunggong di sini, apabila mewariskan kemahiran pembuatan gong tradisional kepada generasi demi generasi sehingga pada masa ini kampung itu memiliki kira-kira 30 pembuat alat muzik berkenaan.
Pembuat gong generasi ketiga, Ronny Makuut, 44, berkata penduduk kampung dipercayai mula menghasilkan gong sekitar 1950-an apabila mereka bermimpi didatangi roh menyarankan pembuatan gong dimulakan untuk kesejahteraan kampung.
“Selepas mimpi itu, moyang kami mula membuat gong, namun gong yang dihasilkan ketika itu agak kasar… tidaklah secantik sekarang. Sehinggalah ke hari ini gong ini menjadi cantik dengan kelengkapan moden, selain menjadi sumber pendapatan penduduk kampung ini,” katanya kepada Bernama.
Kampung Sumangkap, sebuah perkampungan diiktiraf “Satu Daerah Satu Industri”, terletak 140 kilometer arah utara dari Kota Kinabalu dan penduduk rata-rata terlibat dalam pembuatan gong sebagai penghasil, peniaga dan petugas pelancongan, malah gong dihasilkan menembusi pasaran hingga ke Sarawak.
Ronny yang hampir 20 tahun berkecimpung dalam seni pembuatan gong itu berkata dia mewarisi kemahiran itu daripada bapanya dan belajar sedikit demi sedikit seni pembuatan itu atas dasar minat.
Gong, katanya amat penting dalam kalangan masyarakat di kawasan itu yang majoritinya terdiri daripada etnik Rungus terutama untuk dua upacara penting iaitu istiadat perkahwinan dan perayaan terutamanya Pesta Kaamatan serta Pesta Magahau.
Menurut Ronny, suatu ketika dahulu gong juga digunakan untuk mencari individu yang sesat di hutan apabila alat itu dimainkan pencari dengan nada yang kuat bagi membolehkan individu yang sesat mendengar dan berjalan ke arah nada berkenaan.
Ronny berkata terdapat banyak jenis gong dihasilkannya daripada bersaiz kecil yang dijual pada harga ratusan ringgit hingga saiz besar mencecah puluhan ribu ringgit, namun seiring peredaran masa terutamanya dengan Kampung Sumangkap dikenali sebagai tarikan pelancong, gong dijadikan cenderahati.
“Kita ada buat gong kecil sebesar tapak tangan untuk dijadikan perhiasan, rantai kunci, magnet peti ais, pin dan pelbagai untuk pelancong beli dan buat kenang-kenangan,” katanya.
Pembuat gong generasi kelima Rehan Ezri Morsinal, 26, berkata dia mengenali seni pembuatan gong sejak kecil, namun mula serius mempelajarinya daripada bapa saudara serta penduduk kampung kira-kira tiga tahun lepas.
“Bukan mudah hasilkan gong guna besi, loyang dan tembaga, kita bentuk kemudian kimpal. Generasi dahulu tiada peralatan kimpalan, lagi sukar guna penukul untuk bentukkan jadi gong,” katanya menambah penduduk menghasilkan pelbagai jenis gong seperti kulintangan, canang, kuritikon, dan seludun yang dibezakan mengikut fungsi, bentuk, saiz dan bahan dihasilkan.
Perkara paling sukar dipelajari, katanya adalah membentuk gong mempunyai bunyi ‘merdu’ yang memerlukan kepakaran serta pelarasan berterusan, dan penduduk amat mementingkan kualiti gong daripada kampung itu hinggakan cenderahati gong kecil wajib mempunyai bunyi ‘merdu’ seperti gong besar lain.
Pembuat gong generasi ketiga Irena Arwish, 41, berkata keakraban komuniti di kampung itu membolehkan kemahiran seni pembuatan gong diwariskan kepada anak-anak muda kampung, malah sudah menjadi tradisi seni itu hanya diwariskan kepada penduduk kampung.
“Kita terbuka untuk (mengajar) orang luar belajar (seni pembuatan), tetapi sebelum ini mereka tidak lama dan tiada kesabaran untuk belajar kerana bukan mudah hasilkan gong ini. Jika anak kampung ini, kita sudah kenal dan mereka memang sudah biasa dengan seni ini dari kecil jadi lebih mudah belajar,” katanya yang berpengalaman kira-kira 10 tahun dalam pembuatan gong.
Keakraban komuniti terlihat ketika penulis yang selalunya disambut ketukan besi serta bunyi gong apabila tiba kampung itu, namun keadaan sunyi dalam kunjungan baru-baru ini, kerana menurut Irena penduduk kampung tidak menghasilkan atau membunyikan gong sebagai penghormatan terhadap kematian seorang remaja di kampung itu akibat lemas.
Pensyarah kolej Mohd Arif Zaihan Mohd Sani, 29, dari Kajang, Selangor berkata dia datang ke Kampung Sumangkap untuk melihat sendiri pembuatan gong oleh penduduk kampung setelah melihat video kampung itu serta pembuatan alat muzik itu menerusi YouTube.
“Sangat menarik kerana satu kampung terlibat (dalam pembuatan gong) dan generasi demi generasi mewarisinya. Tidak banyak kita jumpa pakar buat gong di negara ini, apatah lagi jumpa satu kampung memiliki kepakaran dalam pembuatannya,” katanya. -Bernama
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